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Researchers Identify Virus Linked to Proventricular Dilatation DiseaseResearchers call the PDD virus Avian Bornavirus
By The BirdChannel News
Division Posted: Researchers at the The researchers also developed a diagnostic test for the
virus. The virus, which has been named Avian Bornavirus (ABV), is a member
of the bornavirus family, whose other members cause encephalitis in horses
and livestock. “This discovery has potentially solved a mystery that has
been plaguing the avian veterinary community since the 1970s,” said
Joseph DeRisi, Ph.D., who led the team with Don Ganem, MD, both professors
and Howard Hughes Medical Investigators at UCSF. “These results clearly
reveal the existence of an avian reservoir of remarkably diverse
bornaviruses that are dramatically different from anything seen in other
animals.” Drs. DeRisi and Ganem said that the discovery of the ABV virus
could have profound consequences on both domesticated parrot species and
in the conservation of endangered species. It had been theorized that a viral pathogen was the source of
the disease, but until now, no one had been able to identify it. “This
provides a very compelling lead in the long-standing search for a viral
cause of PDD,” Ganem said. “With the development of molecular clones
and diagnostic tests for ABV, we can now begin to explore both the
epidemiology of the virus and how it is linked to the disease state.” The study, which will be published in Virology Journal,
is also co-authored by Amy Kistler, Ph.D., from the Howard Hughes Medical
Institute and the Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Medicine at
UCSF; Susan Clubb, DVM, from the Rainforest Clinic for Birds and Exotics
in Loxahatchee, Fla.; and Ady Gancz, from The Exotic Clinic, Herzlyia,
Israel; among others.
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The
Most Painful Bites by Ken Globus copyright 2007 - reprinted with
permission of the author Here’s another
one of those rules in the bird world that makes it very difficult for a
person whose bird bites them to respond in the proper way.
We know a bite is painful on the obvious level, but it also hurts
on a deeper emotional level.
In some cases it even affects a person’s self-esteem.
You run through a range of emotions, from “Ouch, that hurts!”
to “What did I do wrong?”
to “Why does my bird hate me.
All I do is offer it food, love and attention?”
Here’s a phrase I read in an article that displays the kind of
thinking that makes people feel guilty and incompetent:
“I have never met a parrot that bit without a very good
reason.” In other
words, if your bird bites you it means you did something wrong.
Sound familiar?
It’s another one of those “facts” that paralyzes bird
owners. And like
some other absolutes, this one puts the entire blame for a bird’s
biting issues on the human. Okay,
there are some people who haven’t got a clue about how to read a bird,
but with many birds you can get bitten without doing anything wrong.
I was at a
friend’s house with my daughter, I
was once interacting with Billy, my little Senegal Parrot, when the
FedEx guy got too close to my window.
Billy nailed me. Is
it always possible to anticipate those kinds of things?
No. What
does conventional wisdom tell us to do?
“Don’t create a situation in which the bird will bite.”
So, here we have a bird that just plain got startled by
something. Or maybe your
bird is not in the mood. Or….
what? Maybe a shadow zoomed
by the yard. Or a loud
noise. Or, your bird just
feels like doing something else. The things that incite a bite are
numerous, ranging from serious to whimsical and are not always easy to
predict. I recall at a
bird club meeting I attended, a pair of Blue & Gold Macaws on a
T-Stand were squabbling like a middle-aged married couple.
Only they do it with beaks, hard, strong beaks.
If you put one of those beaks up against a human hand, it can be
mighty intimidating. But
neither of the two macaws was especially serious about the argument.
They were just squabbling, jockeying for position on the perch
and each telling the other that they were in charge.
Neither one was injured; it was beak-to-beak, so they were
equally matched. However,
when those squabbles are between you and your bird and it’s
beak-to-flesh many a bird owner is sent staggering backward and down the
path to fearing their own bird. What
do YOU do when your bird bites? According
to the bird world you screwed up. Do
you hang your head in shame? Do
you allow a relationship that was once calm and loving to become
permanently troubled? Does
it make you feel afraid? Guilty?
Or like a failure as a bird owner? That’s
how many people are made to feel. And
you shouldn’t. Here’s
an example of what sometimes happens:
you go to the cage, open the door and offer the bird your hand
for a step-up. The bird is
not in the mood to come out at the moment.
What does it do? It
lunges at you. Or bites.
Maybe it’s just bluffing, but you’re not around to find out.
You jerked your hand away as fast as you could to avoid the
chomp. What just happened?
You’re training your bird to bite.
What can you do to in response to that behavior that is at both
sensitive to your bird’s needs and proper on the basis of training?
Try this: you offer your hand, the bird lunges, you don’t
recoil, you insist on it stepping up.
Then, bird on hand, you step away from the cage for a few
seconds, then go back to the cage, put the bird back on the perch, close
the door and leave it alone for a while.
In other words, you never make an aggressive behavior pay off.
You follow through with the intended behavior, then you put the
bird back. A bird should
never feel that biting is a means to get what it wants.
You have drawn a clear line.
But you’re also being sensitive to its mood by putting it back
in the cage for some time alone. Many
people harp on you to learn to read your bird and make sure you don’t
do anything that causes it to bite. That’s
great, but it’s not always possible.
And what you do after a bite is a key to a happy relationship.
The best way to teach your bird to bite is to back off when it
bites or bluffs. By
retreating you’re encouraging it to bite.
The more you allow and accept negative behaviors the more likely
they are to get worse. But
bites happen. And when they
do, it’s not always your fault. No
matter what the “experts” tell you.
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